Air Gap or Cloud? Choosing the Right Backup Strategy for Industrial Environments

When it comes to protecting industrial data, manufacturing plants face tough choices. Two popular options are air-gapped backups and cloud backups. Each has its advantages and challenges, but what’s best for your operation? In this article, we’ll break down what each approach offers and how to choose the right backup strategy for your industrial environment.

Understanding the Threat Landscape

Manufacturers handle vast amounts of sensitive data — from product designs and proprietary processes to operational data. Cyber threats like ransomware and malware are increasing. A recent report from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) highlights a spike in ransomware attacks targeting industrial systems.

The main goal of backups is to ensure that, if something bad happens, you can restore operations quickly and safely. But not all backup methods are created equal when it comes to security and reliability, especially in industrial settings where downtime can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars per hour.

What Is an Air-Gapped Backup?

An air-gapped backup is a copy of your data stored on a device that is physically disconnected from your network. Think of it as a backup held on a removable drive or tape that’s not plugged into your system when not in use.

Advantages of Air Gaps

• Immunity to Network-Based Attacks: Since the backup isn’t connected, malware and ransomware can’t reach it.

• Control Over Physical Access: You decide who can handle the backup media.

• Long-Term Storage: Tapes and external drives can last many years if stored properly.

Challenges of Air Gaps

• Manual Process: Regularly updating air-gapped backups requires disciplined procedures.

• Physical Risks: Damage, theft, or misplacement can threaten the backup’s integrity.

• Accessibility: Restoring data takes longer because it’s not instantly available online.

What Is Cloud Backup?

Cloud backup involves sending and storing copies of your data on remote servers maintained by a third-party provider like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud. This method is increasingly popular due to its convenience and scalability.

Advantages of Cloud Backup

• Automatic and Regular Updates: Data can be backed up continuously or on schedules with minimal effort.

• Remote Access: Data is accessible from anywhere with internet access.

• Scalability: Easily expand storage as your data grows.

• Disaster Recovery: Cloud backups are stored off-site, protecting your data if your facility is compromised.

Challenges of Cloud Backup

• Security Concerns: Data must be properly encrypted and protected against unauthorized access.

• Internet Dependence: Restoring large data sets depends on internet bandwidth.

• Cost: Ongoing subscription fees can add up, especially with large data volumes.

Which Strategy Fits Your Manufacturing Business?

Choosing between air-gapped and cloud backups isn’t about one being universally better; it’s about what aligns with your operational needs, budget, and risk profile.

Scenario 1: High Security and Critical Data

If your business handles sensitive intellectual property or critical system configurations, an air-gapped backup adds a layer of protection. These backups should be stored securely on physical media and updated regularly. This setup minimizes exposure to ransomware and cyberattacks.

Scenario 2: Rapid Recovery and Remote Access

If minimizing downtime is a priority and you want flexible, remote access, cloud backups are advantageous. They enable quick restoration, especially when combined with proper security practices like encryption and multi-factor authentication.

Scenario 3: Hybrid Approach

The most robust strategy often combines both. Use air-gapped backups for long-term storage of critical data and cloud backups for daily operations and quick recovery needs. This layered approach balances security, accessibility, and disaster resilience.

Best Practices for Implementing Your Backup Strategy

1. Regular Testing: Regularly verify that backups can be restored successfully.

2. Encryption: Encrypt data both at rest and in transit, whether stored physically or in the cloud.

3. Keep Multiple Copies: Follow the 3-2-1 rule — three copies of your data, on two different media, with one off-site.

4. Documentation and Procedures: Establish clear backup and recovery procedures, and train your staff.

5. Monitor and Update: Continuously review your backup strategy to adapt to new threats and business needs.

Final Thoughts

Protecting your manufacturing data through the right backup strategy is fundamental to maintaining operations and safeguarding your business. Whether you opt for air gapped, cloud, or a hybrid approach, the key is deliberate planning, disciplined execution, and ongoing review. The effort you put in today can save you from costly downtime or data loss tomorrow.

For more information on securing your manufacturing data, check out resources from the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) or consult with data security professionals who understand industrial environments.