Technical Readiness
Securing Machines on Your Shop Network: A Practical Guide for Small to Mid-Sized Manufacturers
In today's manufacturing environment, technology is the backbone of daily operations. From CNC machines to robotic arms, a majority of equipment relies on network connectivity. While this connectivity boosts efficiency and precision, it also exposes your shop to cybersecurity risks. Many small and mid-sized manufacturers underestimate these threats, thinking it won't happen to them. But the reality is, cyberattacks can cause serious disruptions, costly downtime, and even compromise safety.
Understanding the Risks in Your Shop Network
Your shop network might seem isolated, but with various devices connected—production machines, office computers, suppliers' systems—the attack surface expands. Cybercriminals often target manufacturing networks to steal intellectual property or hold operations hostage through ransomware. A single compromised machine can halt entire production lines, leading to significant financial losses and damage to your reputation.
Why Are Manufacturing Machines Vulnerable?
Legacy systems: Many machines operate on outdated software that no longer receives security updates.
Weak Passwords: Default or simple passwords are common on industrial equipment, making unauthorized access easier.
Lack of Segmentation: When machines and office networks aren't separated, a breach can spread quickly.
Insufficient Monitoring: Without proper oversight, suspicious activities may go unnoticed until significant damage occurs.
Steps to Secure Your Machines on the Shop Network
1. Identify and Document Your Network Devices
Begin by creating a complete list of all devices connected to your network. This includes machines, controllers, sensors, computers, and external devices. Knowing what you have is essential for managing risks.
Use network scanning tools like Nmap or Advanced IP Scanner to discover connected devices. Regularly update this inventory to keep track of new or changed equipment.
2. Segment Your Network
Segmentation involves dividing your network into smaller zones, separating critical manufacturing equipment from office computers and internet access. This limits the spread of malware if a device is compromised.
For example, create a dedicated "Manufacturing Network" that only machinery and necessary controllers access. Use firewalls or VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) to enforce this separation.
Learn more about network segmentation at Cisco's guide on VLANs.
3. Change Default Passwords & Use Strong Credentials
Many machines come with default passwords like "admin" or "password." Change these immediately! Use complex passwords that combine uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols. Consider a password manager to keep track of credentials.
Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) wherever possible, especially for remote access.
4. Keep Software and Firmware Up-to-Date
Regularly check for updates from machine manufacturers. Updates often fix security vulnerabilities that hackers could exploit. Set reminders or auto-update options if available.
Ensure your network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls also have the latest firmware installed.
5. Enable Firewalls and Use VPNs for Remote Access
Firewalls act as barriers, controlling what traffic can enter or leave your network. Limit incoming connections to only those that are necessary.
If remote access is needed for maintenance, use a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) to encrypt the connection and authenticate users.
Learn more about setting up VPNs at Cisco's overview of VPN security.
6. Monitor Network Traffic & Set Up Alerts
Implement network monitoring tools to keep an eye on unusual activity. If a device suddenly starts transmitting large volumes of data or unexplained access attempts occur, you need to know immediately.
Tools like SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor or open-source solutions like Nagios can help detect anomalies.
7. Train Your Staff
Cybersecurity isn't just about technology; your team plays a crucial role. Train employees to recognize phishing attempts, avoid clicking suspicious links, and follow best practices for security.
A culture of awareness can prevent many attacks from succeeding.
Putting It All Together
Securing your shop network might seem daunting, but taking these practical steps can significantly reduce your vulnerability. The goal isn't to have a perfect system—it's about making it hard enough for hackers that they move on to easier targets.
Start with a simple inventory, segment your network, change passwords, and keep everything updated. Keep monitoring and educate your team. Security is ongoing, not a one-time fix.
Additional Resources
Protecting your machines on the shop network isn’t just about avoiding downtime; it’s about safeguarding your livelihood, your employees, and your reputation. Take these steps today to build a more secure manufacturing environment.